These are the most flexible gifts that a donor makes. The Board of Directors is given discretion to make grants from annual earnings for a broad range of community needs. Discretionary (unrestricted) gifts enable the Community Foundation to respond to changing community needs from year to year while perpetuating donor generosity. The fund may be named after a donor, or become part of a common pool of similar gifts.
Field-of-Interest funds are established to support a class of charitable beneficiaries or institutions. A donor who establishes a field-of-interest fund may stipulate that a gift be directed to a particular field, such as assistance to children, support for the arts or energy conservation. In addition to limiting distribution to a particular “field,” donors may limit distribution of funds to a specific neighborhood or town within the Community Foundation’s service area. The Community Foundation decides which organizations or programs in the field specified by the donor will receive the funds.
A Donor-Advised fund permits the donor to suggest specific grants to be made from the fund. The distinguishing feature is that the donor expresses the desire to make specific recommendations to the Community Foundation regarding how the fund will be used. These recommendations are not legally binding, but are taken into consideration when grants are made.
The donor specifies beneficiaries of designated funds at the time the fund is established. The Community Foundation assumes oversight responsibility for ensuring that these funds are distributed as the donor intends. Many designated funds name a specific organization-the YMCA or the local community college, for example-although funds can be intended for a specific purpose, such as scholarships. The Community Foundation specifies that should the designated organization cease to exist or the specific purpose become obsolete, the fund will be reallocated to another similar purpose.
A nonprofit organization places its endowment funds irrevocably with the Community Foundation for management and investment. The nonprofit organization may choose this type of fund to provide a relatively constant source of annual income, to obtain funds for current operations more easily and to increase investment yield. In addition, if the nonprofit organization ceases to exist, then the Community Foundation is responsible for finding an alternative organization with similar purposes. This kind of fund is subject to Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) guidelines concerning its ownership.
Scholarship Funds provide gifts for scholarships for students. Scholarships can be established to benefit students attending Pre-Kindergarten programs, K-12 private schools, and for college or other post-secondary educational programs.
Donors actively participate in these funds just as they do in Donor-Advised Endowment Funds. The difference is that the principal may be distributed rather than held permanently as endowment.
Donors establish the special project fund for a particular time-limited common purpose.
The operating fund is essential for a young community foundation such as the Community Foundation of Greene County, to manage start up operations and continue to strengthen the resources needed to grow assets and achieve its mission.